File
leverage.m
Name
leverage
Synopsis
leverage - calculates the standard approximation of leverage for a firm.
Introduction
NOTE: PART OF A SET OF 3 RELATED FILES:
Acharya, Pedersen, Philippon, and Richardson (2010) argue that each financial institutions contribution to systemic risk can be measured as its systemic expected shortfall (SES), i.e., its propensity to be undercapitalized when the system as a whole is undercapitalized. SES is a theoretical construct and the authors use the following 3 measures to proxy it:
Given these proxies, the authors seek to develop leading indicators which predict an institutions SES; these leading indicators are marginal expected shortfall (MES) and leverage (LVG).
License
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Copyright 2011, Dimitrios Bisias, Andrew W. Lo, and Stavros Valavanis
COPYRIGHT STATUS: This work was funded in whole or in part by the Office of
Financial Research under U.S. Government contract TOSOFR-11-C-0001, and is,
therefore, subject to the following license: The Government is granted for
itself and others acting on its behalf a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable,
worldwide license to reproduce, prepare derivative works,
distribute copies to the public, perform and display the work.
All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS". YOU ARE USING THIS SOFTWARE AT YOUR OWN RISK. ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, OR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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Inputs
Outputs
Code
% Run warning message
warning('OFRwp0001:UntestedCode', ...
['This version of the source code is very preliminary, ' ...
'and has not been thoroughly tested. Users should not rely on ' ...
'these calculations.']);
lvg = (book_assets - book_equity + market_equity)/market_equity;
Examples
NOTE: Numbers used in the examples are arbitrary valid values.
They do not necessarily represent a realistic or plausible scenario.
Book_assets must be greater than book_equity.
book_assets = 500;
book_equity = 250;
market_equity = 400;
lvg = leverage(book_assets, book_equity, market_equity);
References
Acharya, Pedersen, Philippon, & Richardson. (2010). Measuring systemic risk.